Insights

Cargo insurance and Incoterms: who must buy cover, what a policy actually pays for, and the certificate banks and buyers expect to see.

Who arranges cargo insurance under each Incoterm, what ICC A/B/C clauses cover, the 110% rule, and the documents needed to make a claim.

An exclusive distribution agreement only protects you if territory, minimum volumes, payment terms and exit clauses are fixed before signing.

Who arranges cargo insurance under CIF and CIP, what a marine policy covers, and why claims get rejected on West Africa routes.

A certificate of origin proves where goods were made, not what they contain — here’s who issues it and where shipments get held up.

Pre-shipment inspection can hold your container at the port for weeks. Here’s who arranges it, what it checks, and how to avoid the delay.

Cargo insurance under CIF terms often covers less than exporters assume. What Institute Cargo Clauses mean and who should buy cover.

Pre-shipment inspection can hold your container at port for weeks. Who arranges it, who pays, and what the certificate of conformity actually covers.

A certificate of origin can hold your shipment at customs if details don’t match the invoice. Here’s who issues it and how to avoid rejection.

FCL vs LCL for your first export to West Africa: real costs, delays and hidden risks in groupage, and how to decide which option suits your shipment.