Insights

Wrong HS codes stall shipments at West African customs. How classification works, who’s responsible, and how to avoid costly delays and disputes.

A practical guide to choosing a freight forwarder for West Africa: what they actually do, questions to ask, and warning signs to watch for.

L/C or documentary collection for a first shipment to West Africa? How each works, what fails in practice, and how to decide.

The documents that must exist before your first container ships, who issues each one, and the errors that hold goods at the destination port.

Distributors in Ghana, Senegal and Côte d’Ivoire filter suppliers before replying. The five things they verify, and how to be on the right side of them.

EXW, FOB, CFR and DDP explained from the manufacturer’s side: who pays, who carries the risk, and which one to quote on your first shipment.